Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility

Before signing up for disability benefits, you need to ensure you meet the eligibility criteria for SSDI or SSI.

SSDI:

• You must have a work history and have paid into the Social Security system through FICA taxes.
• Your disability must prevent you from working and is expected to last for at least 12 months or result in death.
• You must meet the SSA’s definition of disability and pass their five-step evaluation process.

SSI:

• SSI is a needs-based program, so you don’t need to have a work history to qualify.
• You must have limited income and resources, with a maximum of $2,000 in resources for an individual (or $3,000 for a couple).
• You must meet the SSA’s definition of disability and prove that you are unable to work due to your condition.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

To complete the disability application process, you will need to provide several key documents. These may include:

• Personal Information: Your Social Security number, birth certificate, and proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful residency.
• Medical Records: Documentation of your medical condition, including diagnoses, treatment records, and medical history.
• Work History (for SSDI applicants): Your employment history, including job titles, dates of employment, and income earned.
• Income and Resources (for SSI applicants): Information on your income, bank statements, property, and any other financial resources.
• Tax Information: Recent tax returns or proof of any other benefits you receive, such as veterans' benefits or workers' compensation.

Step 3: Apply Online

The easiest way to sign up for disability benefits is by applying online through the SSA’s website:

• SSDI: You can apply for SSDI benefits online through the SSA’s Disability Application page at www.ssa.gov/disability.
• SSI: You can apply for SSI online if you are aged 65 or older or have a disability, but for some individuals, you may need to schedule an in-person appointment with the SSA to apply for SSI.

When applying online, make sure to answer all questions truthfully and accurately. Be prepared to provide all necessary documentation to avoid delays in processing your claim.

Step 4: Apply by Phone or In-Person

If you prefer to apply for disability benefits via phone or in-person, you can contact the SSA at:

• Phone: Call the SSA’s toll-free number at 1-800-772-1213 to apply by phone. The SSA provides services in multiple languages, and you can request assistance with your application if needed.
• In-Person: If you prefer to apply in person, you can schedule an appointment with your local SSA office. Visit www.ssa.gov/locator to find the nearest SSA office.

Step 5: Complete the Disability Report

Whether you apply online, over the phone, or in person, you will need to complete a Disability Report. This form requires detailed information about:

• Your medical condition and how it affects your ability to work.
• Your treatment history, including the names and contact information of doctors, hospitals, and clinics where you’ve received care.
• A work history (for SSDI applicants) detailing the jobs you’ve held over the years, your job duties, and how your disability affects your ability to perform these tasks.

Step 6: Wait for a Decision

Once you’ve submitted your application, the SSA will review your case and determine if you qualify for disability benefits. The decision process can take several months, and you may be asked to provide additional medical evidence or clarification about your condition.

If you are approved for disability benefits, you will begin receiving monthly payments. If your application is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision and request a reconsideration.

Step 7: Appeal If Denied

It’s common for initial disability claims to be denied. If this happens to you, don’t be discouraged—many people win their disability benefits after appealing. The appeals process involves several stages:

• Request Reconsideration: The SSA will review your claim again, considering any new evidence you provide.
• Request a Hearing: If reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing with an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is your chance to present your case in person.
• Appeals Council: If the ALJ denies your claim, you can request a review from the SSA’s Appeals Council.

Step 8: Consider Getting Help

While you can apply for disability benefits on your own, you may want to consult with a disability attorney or advocate. A professional can assist you with:

• Understanding the application process.
• Gathering and organizing the necessary medical and work evidence.
• Navigating the appeals process if your claim is denied.