Step 1: Determine Which Program You Qualify For

Before you start your application, it’s important to determine whether you should apply for SSDI or SSI. Both programs provide financial assistance for individuals who are unable to work due to disability, but the eligibility criteria are different:

• SSDI: You must have worked and paid into Social Security for a specific number of years. The amount of benefits you receive will depend on your work history and earnings.
• SSI: SSI is a need-based program designed for individuals with low income and limited resources. It does not require a work history, but there are strict financial eligibility requirements.

Review your situation to determine which program is best suited for you.

Step 2: Check if You Meet the SSA’s Definition of Disability

To qualify for disability benefits, you must meet the Social Security Administration (SSA) definition of disability. This includes:

• Inability to Work: Your condition must prevent you from performing substantial gainful activity (SGA) and must be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.
• Medical Evidence: You must provide medical documentation that supports your claim. The SSA has a Listing of Impairments that outlines conditions that are typically considered disabling. If your condition is not listed, you will need to show that your condition is equally severe.

Step 3: Gather Necessary Medical Records

One of the most critical components of your application is medical evidence. The SSA requires proof of your condition to determine if you qualify for benefits. Here’s how to gather the necessary documentation:

• Visit Your Doctor Regularly: Consistent visits to your doctor are essential to create a strong medical record.
• Request Medical Records: Obtain complete and accurate records from all healthcare providers who have treated you. Include test results, diagnoses, treatment plans, and any hospitalizations.
• Get a Doctor’s Opinion: A letter from your treating physician explaining how your disability limits your ability to work can significantly strengthen your application.

Step 4: Complete the Disability Application

Once you’ve gathered your medical records, it’s time to complete the disability application. You can apply for benefits online, by phone, or in person:

• Apply Online: The quickest and easiest way to apply is through the SSA’s website at www.ssa.gov.
• Apply by Phone: You can also apply by calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213.
• Apply In Person: If you prefer, you can visit your local Social Security office. Use the SSA Office Locator tool to find an office near you.

When filling out your application, be sure to provide accurate and complete information about your medical condition, work history, and financial situation. Missing or incorrect information can delay the process.

Step 5: Submit Supporting Documents

Along with your application, you’ll need to submit various documents. These typically include:

• Medical records and documentation related to your condition.
• Work history and earnings for SSDI applicants (include your W-2s or tax returns).
• Proof of income and resources for SSI applicants (include bank statements and other financial documents).

Be sure to submit all required documents to avoid delays or denials.

Step 6: Wait for a Decision

After you submit your application, the SSA will review your case. The process can take several months, so it’s important to be patient. Here’s what you can expect:

• Initial Decision: The SSA will make an initial decision about whether you qualify for benefits. This can take anywhere from 3 to 6 months.
• Request for Additional Information: If the SSA needs more information, they will contact you. Be sure to respond quickly to avoid delays.
• Receive the Decision: If your application is approved, you will begin receiving benefits. If it’s denied, you will have the option to appeal the decision.

Step 7: Be Prepared for a Possible Denial

It’s common for disability applications to be denied on the first attempt. If this happens, don’t give up. You have the right to appeal the decision. Here’s how:

• Request Reconsideration: If your claim is denied, you can request a reconsideration, where the SSA will review your case again.
• Request a Hearing: If reconsideration doesn’t result in approval, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ).

Be sure to provide any new medical records or evidence that might support your case.

Step 8: Consider Legal Help

While you can apply for disability benefits on your own, working with a disability attorney can improve your chances of success. A lawyer can help you:

• Complete the Application: An attorney can ensure that your application is complete and includes all necessary information.
• Gather and Present Evidence: Disability lawyers are experienced in gathering medical records and presenting evidence that strengthens your claim.
• Represent You During Appeals: If your claim is denied, a lawyer can represent you during the reconsideration and hearing stages of the appeals process.