Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility

Before you begin the application process, make sure you meet the eligibility requirements for either SSDI or SSI.

SSDI:

• Work history: You must have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain number of years.
• Disability: Your condition must prevent you from working for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death.
• Definition of Disability: The SSA has a strict definition of disability, which includes physical or mental health conditions that severely impair your ability to function in a work environment.

SSI:

• No work history required: SSI is a needs-based program for people with limited income and resources, and you don't need to have worked to qualify.
• Financial need: Your income and resources must fall below certain limits. As of 2025, you cannot have more than $2,000 in resources if you are single (or $3,000 if married).
• Disability: You must prove that your disability prevents you from working and that your financial situation meets SSI requirements.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

You will need to gather the following documents to apply for disability benefits in Virginia:

• Personal Information: Social Security number, birth certificate, and proof of U.S. citizenship or legal residency.
• Medical Records: Records from your treating physician(s), diagnoses, treatment plans, and hospital records to document the severity of your condition.
• Work History (for SSDI applicants): Your employment history, including job titles, dates of employment, and earnings.
• Income and Resources (for SSI applicants): Information about your income, bank statements, assets, and any benefits you currently receive.
• Tax Information: Proof of income from tax returns or other government assistance, such as workers' compensation or veterans' benefits.

Step 3: How to Apply for Disability in Virginia

There are several ways you can apply for disability benefits in Virginia:

A. Apply Online

The most convenient and fastest way to apply for disability benefits is to do so online through the Social Security Administration (SSA) website.

• SSDI: Apply for SSDI benefits online at www.ssa.gov/disability.
• SSI: You can apply for SSI benefits online if you meet the eligibility criteria (such as being over the age of 65 or disabled). However, if you are under 65 and applying for SSI due to disability, you will typically need to schedule an appointment with your local SSA office.

B. Apply by Phone

You can also apply for disability benefits by phone by calling the SSA’s toll-free number at 1-800-772-1213. The SSA offers services in various languages and can assist you with your application.

C. Apply In-Person

If you prefer to apply in person, you can visit your local SSA office. To find the nearest SSA office in Virginia, use the SSA office locator tool at www.ssa.gov/locator.

Step 4: Complete the Disability Report

Once you apply, you will need to complete a Disability Report, which requires detailed information about your medical condition, treatment history, and work history. Be prepared to provide:

• Medical Information: Information on how your disability affects your ability to work, including diagnoses and treatments.
• Work History (for SSDI applicants): A detailed history of your previous jobs and how your condition affects your job performance.
• Daily Activities: How your condition affects your daily activities, such as maintaining personal hygiene, preparing meals, or interacting with others.

Step 5: Wait for a Decision

Once you submit your application, the SSA will review your case to determine if you meet their disability criteria. The review process can take several months, and you may be asked to provide additional documentation or clarify information about your condition.

• Processing Time: On average, it can take 3 to 5 months for the SSA to make an initial decision on your application. If your claim is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision.

Step 6: What to Do if Your Disability Claim is Denied

It’s not uncommon for disability claims to be denied, especially during the initial review. If your claim is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision. The appeal process involves the following stages:

• Request Reconsideration: The first step is to ask for a reconsideration, which involves the SSA reviewing your case again with any additional evidence you provide.
• Request a Hearing: If your reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is an opportunity to present your case in person.
• Appeals Council: If the ALJ denies your claim, you can request a review from the SSA’s Appeals Council.

Step 7: Consider Getting Help

Applying for disability benefits can be complicated, and many claims are denied at first. If you are unsure of how to proceed, you may want to seek help from a disability attorney or advocate. These professionals can assist you with:

• Gathering medical evidence.
• Completing your application accurately.
• Navigating the appeals process if your claim is denied.