Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility for Disability Benefits

Before applying, you need to confirm your eligibility for either SSDI or SSI:

• SSDI: If you have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a sufficient number of years, you may qualify for SSDI. The number of work credits you need depends on your age and when your disability began. Typically, you need 40 credits, with at least 20 of them earned in the last 10 years.
• SSI: If you don’t have enough work history or your income is limited, you may qualify for SSI. SSI provides benefits based on financial need and does not require you to have worked in the past.

For both programs, you need to prove that your mental health condition prevents you from working for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death.

Step 2: Gather Detailed Medical Documentation

Mental health conditions are often more difficult to prove than physical disabilities. To qualify for mental health disability benefits, you need to provide solid medical evidence that your condition severely limits your ability to function in a work environment. Some steps to take include:

• See a Doctor Regularly: Schedule appointments with a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist. Regular visits help build a detailed medical history, which is crucial for your claim.
• Document Symptoms and Treatments: Make sure to document your symptoms and the treatments you’ve tried, such as therapy, medications, or hospitalizations. The more comprehensive your medical records, the stronger your case will be.
• Obtain Supporting Letters: Ask your mental health provider to write a letter detailing how your condition affects your ability to work. Letters should be detailed and explain specific symptoms and limitations.
• Include Other Supporting Evidence: If other individuals (family members, friends, or coworkers) can attest to how your mental health affects your daily life and work ability, their statements can also be valuable.

Step 3: File Your Application for Social Security Disability

Once you’ve gathered your medical documentation, you can begin the application process. There are several ways to apply:

• Online: You can apply online through the SSA’s website at www.ssa.gov. This is often the fastest and most convenient way to apply.
• In Person: If you prefer, you can visit your local SSA office. Use the SSA Office Locator to find the nearest office, or call 1-800-772-1213 for help.
• By Phone: You can also apply over the phone by calling 1-800-772-1213, and a representative will guide you through the application process.

Be sure to fill out the application thoroughly and answer all questions honestly. If you leave out important details or provide inaccurate information, it could delay or even deny your claim.

Step 4: Understand SSA’s Disability Evaluation for Mental Health Conditions

The SSA uses a five-step evaluation process to determine whether you qualify for disability benefits. When applying for mental health disability, the SSA evaluates your condition in terms of the following:

• Step 1: Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) – If you are currently working and earning more than a certain monthly amount, you may not be eligible for SSDI. If your income is below that threshold, they will move to the next step.
• Step 2: Severe Condition – Your mental health condition must significantly limit your ability to perform basic work activities, like interacting with others, concentrating, or completing tasks.
• Step 3: Meet a Listed Impairment – The SSA has a Listing of Impairments for mental health conditions. If your condition is listed, and it meets the required severity level, you may automatically qualify for benefits. Conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression are included on the list, but you must demonstrate that they meet SSA’s criteria for disability.
• Step 4: Past Work – The SSA will review whether you can perform your past work. If your mental health prevents you from doing your previous job, they will move on to the next step.
• Step 5: Other Work – Finally, the SSA will consider whether you can do any other type of work, based on your skills, education, and age.

Step 5: Wait for the SSA’s Decision

Once your application is submitted, the SSA will review your case. This can take several months—typically 3 to 5 months. If your application is approved, you will receive a notice confirming your eligibility, along with information about your benefits.

If your application is denied, don’t be discouraged. Many initial claims are rejected. The good news is that you can appeal the decision and present additional evidence or attend a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ).

Step 6: Stay Organized and Follow Up

Keep copies of all documents, records, and communications related to your application. Create an SSA online account to check the status of your claim. If the SSA requests additional information or documentation, respond quickly to avoid delays.