Understand the Types of Social Security Benefits

Before collecting your benefits, it's essential to understand which type of benefits you are eligible for:

• Retirement Benefits: These benefits are based on the number of years you've worked and paid into Social Security. You can start collecting them as early as age 62, but the amount may be reduced if you take benefits before your full retirement age.
• Disability Benefits: If you become disabled and can’t work, you may be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). To qualify, you must have worked and paid into Social Security for a sufficient amount of time and meet specific medical criteria.
• Survivor Benefits: If you are the spouse, child, or dependent of a deceased worker, you may qualify for survivor benefits. The amount is based on the deceased’s earnings record.

Check Your Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

Each type of Social Security benefit has different eligibility requirements:

• For Retirement Benefits: You must have worked and earned enough credits (typically 40 credits, which equals about 10 years of work) to qualify for retirement benefits.
• For Disability Benefits (SSDI): You must have earned a sufficient number of work credits (usually 20 credits in the last 10 years). You also need to have a severe disability that prevents you from working.
• For Survivor Benefits: The deceased worker must have earned sufficient credits, and the survivor must meet certain age, relationship, or dependency criteria.

Use the Social Security Administration's (SSA) online tools to check your eligibility and estimated benefits amount, including the retirement estimator and disability benefits calculator.

Decide When to Begin Collecting Benefits

When you’re eligible to collect Social Security benefits, you have some choices about when to begin:

• Early Retirement: You can start collecting retirement benefits as early as age 62, but keep in mind your benefits will be reduced if you start before your full retirement age.
• Full Retirement Age: Your full retirement age (FRA) is typically between 66 and 67, depending on when you were born. Collecting at FRA allows you to receive 100% of your benefit amount.
• Delaying Benefits: If you wait until after your full retirement age, your benefits will increase until you reach age 70. This may be a good option if you can afford to wait, as it will maximize your monthly payment.

For disability benefits, the approval process can take time, but once approved, you’ll begin receiving monthly benefits. Similarly, survivor benefits will be paid once you submit the necessary documentation of the deceased worker’s record.

Apply for Social Security Benefits

You can apply for Social Security benefits online, by phone, or in person at your local Social Security office. The easiest way is to apply online through the SSA’s website:

• Apply Online: You can apply for retirement and disability benefits online at www.ssa.gov. This is the fastest and most convenient option.
• Apply by Phone: You can also apply over the phone by calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213. This is a good option if you prefer speaking to someone.
• Apply in Person: If you prefer face-to-face assistance, visit your local SSA office. You can schedule an appointment to apply for benefits and get help understanding your options.

Make sure you have all the necessary documents ready when you apply, including:

• Your Social Security number (or a copy of your Social Security card)
• Proof of U.S. citizenship or legal residency
• Birth certificate
• Tax returns or W-2 forms (for work history)
• Medical records (for disability applications)

Understand the Payment Process

Once approved for benefits, you’ll begin receiving monthly payments. Social Security benefits are generally paid on a set day of the month, depending on your birthdate:

• If your birthday is between 1st and 10th, you’ll be paid on the second Wednesday of each month.
• If your birthday is between 11th and 20th, you’ll be paid on the third Wednesday of each month.
• If your birthday is between 21st and 31st, you’ll be paid on the fourth Wednesday of each month.

You can have your benefits deposited directly into your bank account or onto a Direct Express card for easy access.

Stay Updated and Report Any Changes

Once you start collecting Social Security benefits, it’s important to keep the SSA updated on any changes that may affect your eligibility or payment amounts. These changes may include:

• Changes in your address or phone number
• Starting or stopping work
• Changes in your health status (especially for disability recipients)
• Changes in your living arrangements or household income (for SSI recipients)

Not reporting changes can lead to overpayments or delays in receiving your benefits.