Step 1: Determine Which Disability Program You Qualify For

Before you begin the application process, it’s essential to determine whether you’re applying for SSDI or SSI benefits, as the eligibility requirements differ:

• SSDI: For individuals who have worked for a certain number of years and paid Social Security taxes. This program is based on your work history and contributions to the Social Security system.
• SSI: A needs-based program for individuals who have limited income and resources, regardless of their work history. SSI is available for individuals who are 65 or older, blind, or disabled and meet financial qualifications.

If you’re not sure which program is best for you, you can apply for both programs at the same time, and the Social Security Administration (SSA) will determine which one you qualify for.

Step 2: Check Your Eligibility

To qualify for disability benefits, you must meet the SSA’s eligibility criteria, which include both medical and non-medical requirements.

• Medical Eligibility: You must have a severe medical condition that prevents you from working and is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. The SSA has a Listing of Impairments that outlines specific conditions that are considered disabling.
• Non-Medical Eligibility:
• For SSDI, you need to have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a specific number of years. The number of work credits required depends on your age at the time of disability.
• For SSI, you must have limited income and resources. As of 2025, the resource limit is $2,000 for an individual and $3,000 for a couple.

Step 3: Gather the Necessary Documents

When filing for disability benefits, you’ll need to provide a range of documentation to support your claim. The SSA will require the following:

• Personal information: Your Social Security number, birth certificate, and contact information.
• Medical records: Documentation from your healthcare providers that outlines your disability, including diagnoses, treatment plans, and how your condition limits your ability to work. Be sure to include all relevant medical records, such as hospital records, doctor’s notes, and test results.
• Work history: If applying for SSDI, provide a detailed work history, including information on your previous jobs, the dates you worked, and the type of work you did. For SSI, you’ll need information about your income and resources, such as bank statements, tax returns, and proof of other financial assistance.
• Medication list: A list of all medications you are taking, including dosages and prescribing doctor information.

Having all your documents in order before you begin the application will help speed up the process.

Step 4: Complete the Disability Application

Once you have all your documents ready, you can complete the disability application. You can apply for disability benefits through one of the following methods:

• Online: The easiest way to apply is through the SSA’s online portal at www.ssa.gov. You can apply for SSDI and SSI online by following the step-by-step instructions on the website.
• In Person: If you prefer, you can apply in person at your local Social Security office. Use the SSA’s website to find the nearest office.
• By Phone: You can also apply by calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213. A representative will help you complete your application over the phone.

Be sure to answer all questions accurately and thoroughly. The more complete your application, the more likely you are to avoid delays or denials.

Step 5: Wait for a Decision

After submitting your application, the SSA will review your case and make a determination. The review process can take several months, and you will receive a notice in the mail with the decision. The SSA may request additional information during the review, so be prepared to respond promptly.

• Approval: If your claim is approved, you’ll receive a notice detailing your monthly benefit amount, when payments will start, and how long you’ll receive benefits.
• Denial: If your claim is denied, don’t worry—this is common. You can appeal the decision and request a reconsideration or a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ).

Step 6: Appeal if Denied

If your application is denied, you can appeal the decision. Many disability claims are initially denied, but you still have options:

• Request for Reconsideration: The first step in the appeal process is to request a reconsideration. A different SSA examiner will review your case and any new evidence you provide.
• Hearing Before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ): If your reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing before an ALJ. This is a formal process where you can present new evidence and argue your case.
• Appeals Council: If the ALJ denies your claim, you can request a review by the SSA’s Appeals Council. If necessary, you can take your case to federal court.

Step 7: Consider Getting Legal Help

While it’s possible to file for disability benefits on your own, navigating the SSA’s system can be complex, especially if you’re denied and need to appeal. Hiring an experienced disability attorney can improve your chances of success. A lawyer can:

• Help you complete your application.
• Gather and organize medical evidence to support your claim.
• Represent you at hearings and assist with the appeals process.

Many disability lawyers offer free consultations and work on a contingency basis, meaning you don’t pay unless you win your case.