Types of Social Security Benefits

Social Security Retirement Benefits

Social Security retirement benefits are available to individuals who have reached the eligible age and have paid into the Social Security system through their work history. To qualify for retirement benefits:

• Work History: You must have earned enough work credits. Typically, you need 40 credits, which equals about 10 years of work.
• Retirement Age: You can start receiving retirement benefits as early as age 62, but the full retirement age (FRA) is between 66 and 67, depending on your birth year. If you choose to start benefits early, your monthly payment will be reduced.
• Amount of Benefits: The amount of your benefits will be based on your average earnings during your working years.

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

SSDI provides financial assistance to individuals who are unable to work due to a disability. To qualify for SSDI:

• Work History: You need to have worked for a certain number of years and paid into Social Security to qualify. The number of work credits you need depends on your age at the time of disability.
• Medical Condition: You must have a disability that prevents you from working for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death. The disability must meet the SSA’s definition of “disability,” which can be found in the SSA’s Listing of Impairments.
• Age Requirement: SSDI benefits are available to individuals who are under full retirement age.

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

SSI is a needs-based program designed to help individuals who have limited income and resources, regardless of their work history. SSI provides financial support to people who are:

• Age 65 or older.
• Blind.
• Disabled. To qualify for SSI, you must have limited income and resources, and your condition must meet the SSA’s definition of disability.

Social Security Survivors Benefits

Survivors benefits provide financial assistance to the family members of a deceased worker who paid into Social Security. This benefit is available to:

• Widows or widowers: Widows or widowers may receive benefits at age 60 (or 50 if disabled). The amount will depend on the deceased’s work history.
• Children: Children of deceased workers may qualify for benefits if they are under age 18 or are disabled before age 22.
• Dependent Parents: In some cases, parents who were financially dependent on the deceased worker may qualify for benefits.

Social Security Spousal Benefits

If you are married to someone who is eligible for Social Security benefits, you may qualify for spousal benefits. To qualify:

• Spouse’s Work History: If your spouse is receiving retirement or disability benefits, you may be able to receive up to 50% of their benefit amount if you start receiving benefits at full retirement age.
• Divorced Spouse: If you were married for at least 10 years and are currently divorced, you may still be eligible for spousal benefits based on your ex-spouse’s work history.
• Eligibility for Benefits: To receive spousal benefits, you must be at least 62 years old and not qualify for a higher benefit based on your own work record.

Social Security Benefits for Children

Children may qualify for Social Security benefits in the following cases:

• Children of a disabled or deceased parent: If a parent is receiving SSDI or is deceased, their children may qualify for benefits if they are under age 18, or under 19 if still in high school.
• Disabled Children: Children who are disabled and were disabled before age 22 may qualify for Social Security benefits based on their parent’s work record, even if the parent is still alive.

How to Apply for Social Security Benefits

If you think you qualify for any of these Social Security benefits, the application process is straightforward but requires careful attention to detail. You can apply for benefits:

• Online: The easiest way to apply is through the SSA’s online portal at www.ssa.gov. You can apply for retirement, SSDI, SSI, and spousal benefits through the website.
• By Phone: Call the SSA at 1-800-772-1213 to apply or get assistance with the process.
• In Person: If you prefer to apply in person, visit your local Social Security office. It may be helpful to make an appointment in advance to ensure timely service.

What Documents Do You Need to Apply for Social Security Benefits?

When applying for Social Security benefits, be sure to have the following documents ready:

• Proof of Age: Your birth certificate or other government-issued documents.
• Social Security Number: For both you and any family members applying for benefits.
• Work History: Your most recent tax returns, pay stubs, or other records that show your work history and earnings.
• Medical Records: For disability-related benefits, provide medical documentation from your doctor detailing your condition.
• Marriage and Divorce Records: For spousal benefits, have your marriage certificate or divorce decree ready.