Understand the Two Types of Disability Benefits

There are two main programs that provide financial assistance if you can’t work due to a disability:

• Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): If you’ve worked in the past and paid Social Security taxes, you may be eligible for SSDI benefits. This program is based on your work history and how much you have contributed to Social Security over the years.
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI): SSI is a needs-based program for individuals who are disabled or elderly and have limited income and resources. Unlike SSDI, SSI does not require a work history, but it is designed for low-income individuals who need assistance.

Determine If You Meet the Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for disability benefits, you must meet the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) criteria. Here’s what you need to know:

• Disability Definition: The SSA defines a disability as a condition that prevents you from working and is expected to last for at least 12 months or result in death. Your condition must be severe enough to limit your ability to perform basic work tasks.
• Work History (for SSDI): If you’re applying for SSDI, you must have worked for a certain number of years and paid Social Security taxes during your employment. The required amount of work depends on your age when you became disabled.
• Income and Resources (for SSI): To qualify for SSI, you must have limited income and assets. For 2025, the asset limit is $2,000 for an individual and $3,000 for a couple. Your monthly income must also fall below a specific threshold.

Gather the Necessary Documents

You will need to provide documentation to prove your disability and financial eligibility. Here are the key documents you will need:

• Medical Records: You’ll need comprehensive medical records from your doctor or healthcare providers that show the severity of your disability and how it impacts your ability to work.
• Work History (for SSDI): If you’re applying for SSDI, you’ll need to provide details of your past work, including tax records and pay stubs, to prove you’ve paid into Social Security.
• Income and Asset Information (for SSI): If applying for SSI, you will need to provide detailed information about your income, assets, and living situation to prove that you meet the financial eligibility requirements.

Complete Your Disability Application

Once you have gathered all the necessary documents, you can begin the application process. Here’s how to apply:

• Apply Online: The fastest and most convenient way to apply for SSDI or SSI is through the SSA’s online portal at www.ssa.gov.
• Apply by Phone: You can also apply by calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213 to schedule an appointment over the phone.
• Apply In-Person: If you prefer, you can apply in person at your local Social Security office. Find the nearest office on the SSA’s website.

Wait for the SSA’s Decision

Once your application is submitted, the SSA will review your case. This can take several months, so be prepared for a waiting period. During this time, the SSA may contact you for additional information or schedule a consultative examination if needed.

• Approval or Denial: If your claim is approved, you’ll begin receiving disability benefits. However, if your claim is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision.

What to Do if Your Disability Claim is Denied

It’s common for initial disability claims to be denied, but don’t be discouraged. If you are denied, you can appeal the decision:

• Request Reconsideration: The first step is to request a reconsideration, where the SSA reviews your case again with any new evidence you provide.
• Request a Hearing: If the reconsideration doesn’t result in approval, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is a critical stage where you can present your case in person.
• Appeals Council Review: If the ALJ denies your claim, you can request a review by the Appeals Council. If the Council also denies your case, you may appeal to Federal Court.