Step 1: Understand the Disability Programs: SSDI vs. SSI

Before you begin your application, it’s important to know which disability program best suits your needs. There are two main disability programs administered by the SSA:

• Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): SSDI is for individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security for a required amount of time. You must prove that your disability prevents you from working and is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI): SSI is a need-based program for individuals with limited income and resources. It is available to individuals who are disabled, blind, or aged 65 or older, regardless of their work history.

Step 2: Verify Your Eligibility

To qualify for disability benefits in Illinois, you must meet specific eligibility criteria based on your income and disability status:

• For SSDI: You must have sufficient work credits from your previous employment, which are earned by paying Social Security taxes through your paycheck. The number of work credits you need depends on your age at the time of disability.
• For SSI: You must have limited income and resources. SSI is for individuals who are financially disadvantaged and need assistance for basic living expenses.
• For Both Programs: You must prove that your disability is severe enough to prevent you from working and is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.

Step 3: Collect the Required Documentation

When filing for disability benefits in Illinois, you will need to provide detailed documentation to support your claim. This includes:

• Medical Records: Gather comprehensive medical documentation showing the severity of your disability. This can include doctor’s reports, hospital records, diagnostic tests, and treatment plans.
• Income and Financial Information: For SSI, you will need to submit your financial records, including bank statements, proof of income, and any other documents that show your limited resources.
• Identification: Provide documents like your Social Security card, birth certificate, and proof of U.S. citizenship or legal residency.
• Work History (for SSDI): If you are applying for SSDI, you will need to provide your work history to show that you have enough work credits to qualify.

Step 4: Complete the Disability Application

Once you have gathered your documentation, you can begin the application process. There are several ways to file for disability benefits in Illinois:

• Online: The SSA offers an online application for both SSDI and SSI through their website at www.ssa.gov. Applying online is the quickest and easiest way to submit your claim.
• By Phone: You can also apply over the phone by calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213. A representative will guide you through the application process.
• In Person: If you prefer to apply in person, you can visit your local Social Security office. Use the SSA office locator on their website to find the nearest office in Illinois.

Step 5: Wait for the SSA’s Decision

After you submit your disability application, the SSA will review your case to determine if you meet the eligibility criteria. This process can take several months, so patience is key. During this time, the SSA may request additional medical records or information to support your claim.

You can track the status of your application online by creating an account with the SSA or by calling their office for updates.

Step 6: Be Prepared for a Possible Denial

It’s common for disability claims to be denied initially, even if you believe you meet all the eligibility requirements. If your application is denied, don’t be discouraged. You have the right to appeal the decision. Here are the steps in the appeals process:

• Request Reconsideration: If your claim is denied, you can request a reconsideration, where another SSA representative will review your case.
• Request a Hearing: If the reconsideration is also denied, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is an important step, as you will have the opportunity to present your case in person.
• Appeals Council: If the hearing results in a denial, you can request an appeal from the Appeals Council. In rare cases, you may need to take your case to federal court.