Determine Eligibility for SSDI or SSI

Before applying, it’s important to understand which program you are eligible for:

• SSDI: This program is for individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a required number of years. You must also meet the SSA’s definition of disability.
• SSI: This program is based on financial need rather than work history. It provides assistance to individuals who are disabled, blind, or elderly and have limited income and resources.

Gather Your Documentation

Before you begin the application, ensure you have the necessary documents ready. These will include:

Personal information: Your Social Security number, birth certificate, or other proof of citizenship/legal residency.

• Medical records: Complete documentation from your doctors, specialists, and hospitals that proves your disability and how it affects your ability to work. This includes doctor’s notes, test results, and treatment history.
• Work history: A detailed record of your employment, including dates and types of jobs performed, along with your payroll records or W-2 forms.
• Financial information: For SSI applicants, the SSA will need information about your income, assets, and living situation to assess eligibility.

Complete the SSDI or SSI Application

You can apply for Social Security Disability benefits in several ways:

• Online Application: The fastest and most convenient way to apply is through the Social Security Administration’s online portal at www.ssa.gov. Make sure to read each question carefully and provide accurate, thorough answers.
• In-Person Application: If you prefer, you can visit your local Social Security office to apply in person.
• Phone Application: Alternatively, you can call the SSA at 1-800-772-1213 to schedule an appointment for applying over the phone.

When filling out the application, be prepared to answer questions about your medical condition, work history, and daily activities. It’s crucial to be honest and detailed in your responses.

SSA Reviews Your Application

Once submitted, the SSA will review your application to determine if you meet the eligibility requirements. The review process typically includes:

• Medical Review: The SSA will request your medical records and may contact your healthcare providers. They will evaluate whether your condition meets the SSA’s Listing of Impairments, or if your disability is severe enough to prevent you from working.
• Work History Evaluation: For SSDI applicants, the SSA will review your work history to ensure you have earned enough work credits to qualify for benefits. For SSI applicants, the SSA will assess your financial situation to ensure you meet the income and resource requirements.

Wait for a Decision

After reviewing your application, the SSA will issue a decision. Unfortunately, many disability claims are initially denied. The SSA’s decision timeline can vary but typically takes 3 to 5 months. While waiting, be sure to:

• Keep track of your application: You can check the status of your application online by creating a my Social Security account at www.ssa.gov.
• Stay in contact with the SSA: If they request any additional documents or information, respond promptly to avoid delays.

Respond to a Denial (If Applicable)

If your disability claim is denied, it’s important not to give up. Appealing a denial is a common part of the process, and many applicants who initially receive a denial are ultimately approved after appealing.

The SSA offers several appeal options:

• Request for Reconsideration: The first step is to ask for your application to be reviewed again by a different examiner.
• Request a Hearing: If your reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This is a critical stage in the process where you can present additional evidence or even testify in person about your condition.
• Appeals Council: If your hearing is unsuccessful, you can request a review from the SSA’s Appeals Council. This is the final stage of the appeal process.

During the appeals process, it’s important to provide new evidence that can strengthen your case, such as updated medical records or expert testimony.

Approval and Receiving Benefits

If your application is approved, you will receive a notice of award, which outlines the benefits you are entitled to and when you can expect to start receiving payments. Depending on your eligibility, you may receive either SSDI or SSI benefits, or both if you qualify for concurrent benefits.

• SSDI: You will typically receive monthly payments, and your benefits may be adjusted periodically based on inflation.
• SSI: SSI benefits are usually based on your financial need, and the amount you receive may vary depending on income, living situation, and other factors.