Step 1: Determine Which Disability Program is Right for You

The first step is understanding which disability program you should apply for. The two main programs are:

• SSDI: For individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain number of years. To qualify, you must also have a disability that prevents you from working for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death.
• SSI: For individuals who have limited income and resources, regardless of work history. SSI is designed for low-income individuals who are disabled, blind, or elderly.

Both programs require that your disability be severe enough to prevent you from performing any substantial gainful activity.

Step 2: Gather the Necessary Documentation

Before you start the application process, make sure you have all the necessary documents in hand. This includes:

• Medical records: Detailed records of your condition, including doctor’s notes, lab results, treatments, and hospital visits.
• Work history: A record of your past employment, including the dates you worked and your job duties. For SSDI, you need to prove that you have worked and paid into the Social Security system.
• Personal information: Including your Social Security number, birth certificate, and contact information for your doctors and specialists.

Having this information ready will help you complete your application without delays.

Step 3: Apply Online or In Person

You can apply for disability benefits in Tennessee through one of the following methods:

• Online: The quickest way to apply is online at www.ssa.gov. The SSA’s online portal will guide you through the application process, and you can submit your claim without leaving your home. Make sure to complete the application fully and accurately to avoid delays.
• In person: If you prefer to apply in person, you can visit your local Social Security office. You can find the closest office by using the SSA’s office locator tool online.
• By phone: You can also apply by calling the SSA’s toll-free number at 1-800-772-1213 to schedule an appointment.

Step 4: Understand the Eligibility Requirements

The SSA uses a detailed set of eligibility criteria to determine whether you qualify for benefits. Here are the key things the SSA looks for:

• Work history (SSDI): For SSDI, you must have worked and paid into Social Security for a sufficient number of years. The SSA uses a system called quarters of coverage (QC) to determine your work history.
• Financial need (SSI): SSI is based on income and asset limits. You must have limited income and resources to qualify for SSI.
• Disability: Your condition must be severe enough to prevent you from working for at least 12 months or result in death. The SSA evaluates your disability based on their Listing of Impairments. If your condition is not listed but is equally disabling, you may still qualify.

Step 5: Complete the Application Accurately

Filling out your application correctly is crucial. Mistakes or missing information can delay the process or result in a denial. Here’s what you need to do:

• Answer all questions thoroughly: Be honest about your condition, work history, and financial situation. Providing incomplete or inaccurate information can harm your case.
• Provide all requested documents: Make sure to submit medical records, work history, and other required documents. Missing information can cause delays.
• Follow up: After submitting your application, follow up with the SSA to ensure they have received everything.

Step 6: Wait for the SSA’s Decision

Once your application is submitted, the SSA will review it and make a decision. The review process can take several months. During this time, the SSA may request additional information or clarification. If they do, be sure to respond quickly. The SSA will either approve or deny your claim:

• Approval: If your application is approved, you will start receiving benefits. If you're eligible for back pay, the SSA will also issue payments for the time you’ve been disabled but not yet approved.
• Denial: Many disability applications are denied at first. If you are denied, don’t give up. You have the right to appeal the decision.

Step 7: Appeal a Denied Claim

If your claim is denied, you can file an appeal. There are several stages of the appeals process:

• Reconsideration: The first step is to request a reconsideration, where a different examiner will review your case.
• Hearing: If reconsideration is denied, you can request a hearing with an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ).
• Appeals Council: If the judge denies your claim, you can ask the Appeals Council to review the case.

Consider Getting Help from a Disability Lawyer

While you can apply for disability benefits on your own, working with a disability lawyer can increase your chances of success. A lawyer can:

• Help you gather evidence: Lawyers know what documentation is needed and can help you collect medical records, job history, and other crucial information.
• Assist with the application process: A lawyer can ensure that your application is completed correctly and submitted on time.
• Represent you in hearings: If your case goes to a hearing, a lawyer can advocate for you, helping you present your case more effectively.

Most disability lawyers work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win your case.